Research Study2025

A National Mobile Medical Unit (MMU) Program to Address the Healthcare Needs of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness: An Evaluation Protocol

Weber, Jillian J.; Kinney, Rebecca L.; Roncarati, Jill S.; Bruemmer, Kenneth; Diaz, Monica; Albanese, Jill

Primary Care
Authors
Weber, Jillian J.; Kinney, Rebecca L.; Roncarati, Jill S.; Bruemmer, Kenneth; Diaz, Monica; Albanese, Jill
Journal
Health Services Insights
Year
2025
Study design
Program Description/Commentary
Setting
Multiple/Unspecified
Population
Unhoused; Veterans
Outcome domain
Access to Care
Type of organization
Government

Abstract

Homelessness remains a public health concern in the United States and ending veteran homelessness has been a significant priority for the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) for over a decade. However, veterans experiencing homelessness (VEH) have unmet healthcare needs and face numerous barriers to accessing and engaging in healthcare. The Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) Homeless Programs Office (HPO) implemented mobile medical units (MMUs) within the tailored primary care model established in 2011 called the Homeless Patient Aligned Care Team (HPACT) program to expand access to care for hard-to-reach VEH. This article outlines the evaluation protocol for the HPACT MMU program to examine the impact of MMUs on engaging and retaining homeless veterans in VA primary care and other supportive services. This evaluation will provide insight on the innovative ways in which mobile medical units (MMUs) may expand the boundaries of the VA and external health care systems in efforts to improve health equity and access among our most vulnerable populations. Preliminary outcomes show significant engagement with VEH in the community and interest in the model of care. The program has the potential to play an essential role in achieving VA's goal of ending veteran homelessness.

Cite this study:Weber, Jillian J.; Kinney, Rebecca L.; Roncarati, Jill S.; Bruemmer, Kenneth; Diaz, Monica; Albanese, Jill (2025). A National Mobile Medical Unit (MMU) Program to Address the Healthcare Needs of Veterans Experiencing Homelessness: An Evaluation Protocol. Health Services Insights. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/11786329251320200
Metadata curated by Mission Mobile Medical. Full text is available from the publisher via the DOI link above.